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The Best Anti-Fraud Controls in Fraud Deterrence Programs

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Company News, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

The single most common anti-fraud control companies use as a fraud deterrence vehicle is the formal financial audit.  Unfortunately, it’s not a very effective one.

In its 2014 Report to the Nations, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) reported that out of 18 identified anti-fraud controls, the formal financial audit scored 16th in reducing potential fraud losses and 17th in reducing the duration of fraud.

“If you’re relying on a formal financial audit as the backbone of your fraud deterrence program, you are not adequately protecting your company from fraudulent activity,” said David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley.  “A formal financial audit is an important tool in a comprehensive fraud deterrence program.  It just isn’t the best anti-fraud control available.”

The ACFE’s 2014 Report to the Nations, which is derived from a global survey conducted biennially to study the costs, schemes, perpetrators and victims of fraud, reported that the five most effective controls in terms of reducing potential losses from fraud were:

  • Proactive data monitoring and analysis (reduced fraud loss by almost 60 percent)
  • Employee support programs (reduced fraud loss by 55 percent)
  • Management review (reduced fraud loss by almost 52 percent)
  • Having a published corporate code of conduct (reduced fraud loss by 50 percent)
  • Having and using an internal audit department (reduced fraud loss by 44 percent)

In terms of reducing the duration of fraud, the ACFE said the six most effective controls, all of which reduced the average duration by 50 percent, were:

  • Hotlines
  • Surprise audits
  • Fraud training for employees
  • Proactive data monitoring and analysis
  • Having a published anti-fraud policy
  • Having a dedicated fraud department, function or team

“Clearly, these are the controls that businesses, non profits and government offices need to implement to safeguard their organizations,” said Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and an ACFE member.   “Relying on just one or two anti-fraud controls isn’t necessarily going to protect you.  You need a multi-faceted approach.”

Anderson recommends every organization adopt a comprehensive fraud deterrence program created by an experienced firm that provides forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.

“It’s simply the most effective way to combat fraud in the workplace,” he said.  “You don’t want to wait until you need to call in an expert to conduct a fraud investigation.  You need to be proactive and call in the experts to prevent the fraud from occurring in the first place.”

Over the next weeks, Anderson will continue to post findings from ACFE’s 2014 Report to the Nations.  The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world largest anti-fraud organization, dedicated to fighting fraud through its more than 70,000 members in more than 150 countries worldwide.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

Take a Vacation for Successful Fraud Deterrence

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Company News, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

Fraud deterrence programs never take a vacation, but your employees most definitely should.

Requiring employees to take regular vacations is a key anti-fraud control in an organization’s comprehensive fraud deterrence program.  In its 2014 Report to the Nations, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) notes that a mandatory vacation policy reduces an organization’s median dollar loss to fraud by 33.3 percent and cuts the median length of time a fraud occurs by 40 percent.

“Fraudsters work very hard to conceal their fraud,” said David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley.  “It requires a great deal of time and attention on a consistent basis to maintain the cover-up.  Very often, an employee’s illicit activities are uncovered only when he or she is on vacation or out sick.”

In fact, it is the very act of maintaining the cover-up that makes these employees seem like the most loyal, dedicated, hard-working employees on the payroll.

“They never miss a day of work,” said Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and an ACFE member.   “They never take vacation.  They’re often the first ones at the office in the morning and the last ones to leave at night.  They work evenings, weekends and holidays.  They even come to work when they are sick.  From all outward appearances, they are an owner or manager’s dream employee.  What they really are doing is working hard to hide the fraud.”

Two recent fraud cases illustrate how a mandatory vacation policy can separate dream employees from fraudsters.

In one case, an employee created a phony service vendor with a phony address.  The employee then produced phony invoices for non-existent services that the company paid.  At work, the employee intercepted the check before it was mailed and then deposited it in a bank account set up by the employee.  The fraudulent activity was discovered when the employee took a vacation day on the day a check was mailed to the phony vendor.  When the envelope was returned as undeliverable, a manager tried to contact the vendor and discovered that not only the address, but also the phone number was phony.  A fraud investigation ensued, and the employee was caught.

Another case involved a manager who was engaged in a skimming scheme — intercepting and diverting cash payments before they were entered into the company’s accounting system.  The manager went on vacation, forgetting that he had left incriminating evidence in his desk drawer.  The manager filling in for him found the incriminating evidence and turned it over to senior management.  In this case, Anderson was engaged to perform a comprehensive fraud investigation and found that hundreds of thousands of dollars had been diverted by the fraudster.

“Forensic accountants love vacations,” said Anderson, who recommends every organization enact and maintain a comprehensive fraud deterrence program created by an experienced firm that provides forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley. “All sorts of fraudulent activities can surface during an employee’s absence.”

Anderson said most anti-fraud experts recommend employees be required to take at least one full week off from work and that their work activities be covered by someone else while they are gone.  This simple step prevents an employee from covering their tracks, he said.

So do your employees — and yourself — a favor and enact a mandatory vacation policy.  They’ll return to work more relaxed, and you can relax a bit as well because you will have instituted the most pleasant of anti-fraud controls.

Over the next weeks, Anderson will continue to share results from ACFE’s 2014 Report to the Nations, which is drawn from a global survey conducted biennially to study the costs, schemes, perpetrators and victims of fraud.  The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world largest anti-fraud organization, dedicated to fighting fraud through its more than 70,000 members in more than 150 countries worldwide.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

Eliminating Opportunity Is Crucial to Fraud Deterrence

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Company News, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

Opportunity — the ability for fraudsters to carry out the misappropriation of cash or other company assets — is one of the three key elements necessary for fraud to occur and it is an element that organizations often can eliminate by enacting strong anti-fraud controls as part of a comprehensive fraud deterrence program.

In its 2014 Report to the Nations, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) found that in more than 32 percent of identified fraud cases, the opportunity that allowed fraud to occur existed solely because the organization lacked the proper internal controls.  In another 20% of fraud cases, the opportunity for fraud existed because of a lack of management review.

“None of these frauds would have occurred if management had taken adequate preventive steps to eliminate the opportunity,” said David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley. “No matter how much pressure an employee is under to steal or how much they can rationalize their illicit actions, they cannot successfully carry out the fraud if the opportunity to do so doesn’t exist.”

Strong internal controls work to safeguard assets, ensure reliable financial reporting and make the organization compliant with laws and regulations, Anderson said.  Some of the more common internal controls include separation of duties (requiring that more than one person be involved in processing and recording financial transactions); regular management review to provide oversight; and independent checks or audits, either with an internal audit department or external auditors to provide additional oversight, he said.

Reviewing monthly bank statements and monthly financial statements on a regular basis are critical factors of a strong management review process, Anderson added.

The ACFE report, which is derived from a global survey conducted biennially to study the costs, schemes, perpetrators and victims of fraud, also identified two other situations in which organizations can unintentionally foster opportunity for fraud, Anderson said.  They are:

— Overriding of existing internal controls, which was responsible for 19% of fraud cases.  Fraud investigations indicate that these situations occur when a more senior person, usually in management, persuades an employee to ignore or circumvent internal controls.  For example, a manager may ask an employee to print a check for a dollar amount that requires two levels of approval without proving the approvals were obtained.  Or an auto dealership employee may allow a customer to leave without paying for car repairs made by the dealership.

— Poor tone at the top, a key factor in more than eight percent of reported frauds.  Fraud investigations show that employees take their cues from their supervisors.  If management engages in questionable behavior, such as overriding existing internal controls or running personal expenses through the company, it sends a message to the employee that such behavior is tolerated.

“It’s clear that companies can significantly reduce the chance of fraud occurring by eliminating the opportunity for it to occur,”  said Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and an ACFE member.  “It’s not a terribly difficult thing to do.  By enacting a fraud deterrence program with strong internal controls, you are taking a proactive approach to protecting your company.  You simply don’t let the fraudsters get away with it.”

Strong internal controls, regular management review and a strong anti-fraud message that is delivered by word and by action are all important components of comprehensive fraud deterrence programs created by an experienced firm that provides forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, he added.

Anderson will continue to share findings from ACFE’s 2014 Report to the Nations during the coming weeks.  The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world largest anti-fraud organization, dedicated to fighting fraud through its more than 70,000 members in more than 150 countries worldwide.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

Fraud Investigation Reveals Fraud Schemes

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Company News, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

Fraud investigations into asset misappropriation — one of the three main types of fraud — reveal an assortment of deceitful means by which dishonest employees can steal from an organization.

“There is no shortage of schemes by which a fraudster can misappropriate funds from an employer, whether it is a company, a non-profit or a government office,” said David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley.  “And each of these schemes is often more common to certain types of organizations simply because of the way those organizations operate.”

In its 2014 Report to the Nations, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners identified seven asset misappropriation schemes.  The other two types of fraud — corruption and financial statement fraud — are schemes in and of themselves and do not have subsets.  Bolster your fraud deterrence efforts by understanding the different types of schemes and the ones to which your organization is most susceptible.

Billing schemes, in which fraud perpetrators create phony vendors that are paid for goods never delivered or services never rendered, are common in most organizations, but especially in health care, education, transportation/warehousing and non-profits, Anderson said.

Service, insurance and education organizations in particular need to be on the lookout for skimming schemes.  In these schemes, the fraudster steals incoming payments from customers or other entities (an insurance claim payment or vending machine operator payments, for example) before they are recorded and then hides the diversions by entering credits against the customer’s or payee’s balance.

Cash-on-hand schemes, in which the perpetrator steals from the cash register, petty cash or company safe, occur most frequently in retail, banking and financial services companies.  Theft from a cash drawer often occurs when the employee voids a transaction or rings up a lesser amount and pockets the difference.

Check tampering is typically associated with non-profits and with construction, healthcare and transportation/warehousing companies and occurs when the perpetrator forges or alters a company check (by changing the payee name or the check amount, for example).

Expense reimbursement fraud most frequently plagues non-profits and education, health care and construction companies.  In these schemes, employees submit reimbursement requests for a non-existent expenses or inflate the amount of an expense.  Examples include personal expenses masked as business expenses, inflated mileage or gratuities, and charges for business class airline tickets when the employee flew coach.

Non-cash schemes occur when fraudster steals inventory, supplies, company equipment or the confidential information of a customer or the company.  These schemes most frequently affect manufacturing, retail, transportation/warehousing and oil and gas companies.

Payroll fraud, in which a dishonest employee inflates the number of hours worked or creates a “ghost” employee on the payroll, most often occurs in non-profits and construction companies.

Anderson said these schemes — with the exception of non-cash schemes — tend to be more prevalent in smaller companies because they tend to lack the strong fraud control and fraud deterrence programs usually found in larger companies.

“Fraud perpetrators are cleverly devious and are dedicated to hiding their activities,” said Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and an ACFE member.  “They often get away with it because their bosses and coworkers are honest people, so they aren’t expecting — and therefore aren’t looking for — fraudulent activity.”

Anderson encourages all organizations to enact strict fraud controls and to adopt a comprehensive fraud deterrence program developed by a firm that provides  forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  At the first suspicion of illicit activity, organizations should engage a Certified Fraud Examiner to initiate a fraud investigation, he said.

Over the next weeks, Anderson will share more findings from ACFE’s 2014 Report to the Nations, the results of a global survey conducted biennially to study the costs, schemes, perpetrators and victims of fraud.  The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world largest anti-fraud organization, dedicated to fighting fraud through its more than 70,000 members in more than 150 countries worldwide.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

Tip Hotlines Enhance Fraud Deterrence

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

Performing a formal financial audit annually is thought by many to be the most effective means of fraud detection and fraud deterrence.  It’s not.  Only three percent of all fraud is detected by a formal financial audit.  In fact, more than twice as many are discovered by accident than by formal audit.

So what is the best way to detect and prevent fraud?  You might be surprised.  According to the 2014 Report to the Nations from the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, tips are responsible for uncovering fraud more so than any other method.  More than 42 percent of all frauds were exposed as the result of information provided by tipsters.  And who were the main source of these tips?  By far, it is a company’s own employees, the ACFE report said.  A whopping 49 percent of all frauds reported via tips came from company employees.

“Employees can be your first line of defense against fraud,” said David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley.  “Employees may see fraudulent or suspicious activity, but may be reluctant to be identified as the source of a tip, either because they fear retribution from other employees or because they’re not absolutely sure that fraud is occurring.”

So how do you encourage employees to come forward?  The best way is through the use of an anonymous tip hotline.

“Employees are far more willing to report illicit activity if their anonymity is protected,” said Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and an ACFE member.  “The anonymous tip hotline provides them with the vehicle they need to do the right thing and bring the fraud to the attention of people in charge.”

Anderson notes companies do not have to set up the tip hotline themselves.  Third party companies will step into set up and operate the hotline for a reasonable fee and will maintain the employee’s confidentially.  In fact, having an outside party manage the hotline further assures employees that their identity will not be revealed by something they say or by speaking with someone who recognizes their voice.

Companies that provide tip hotlines for their employees typically find that the duration of fraudulent activity is cut in half and losses are reduced by more than 40 percent.

A tip hotline is an important component of a comprehensive fraud deterrence program that can be created by a firm that provides forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, said Anderson, who urges organizations to protect themselves by contacting a Certified Fraud Examiner to conduct a thorough fraud investigation at the first sign of suspicious activity .

In the coming weeks, Anderson will continue to share findings from ACFE’s 2014 Report to the Nations, the results of a global survey conducted biennially to study the costs, schemes, perpetrators and victims of fraud.  The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world largest anti-fraud organization, dedicated to fighting fraud through its more than 70,000 members in more than 150 countries worldwide.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

David Anderson Presents Municipal Fraud Webinar

Posted by & filed under Company News.

On August 27, 2014, David Anderson of David Anderson & Associates, LLC presented a webinar entitled “Protecting Your Municipality From Fraud” to the Pennsylvania State Association of Township Supervisors (PSATS). Mr. Anderson and his co-presenter, Joseph Barbagallo of Barbagallo & Associates, discussed the differences between forensic accountants and traditional accountants; the types of fraud schemes that have been committed against municipalities; the losses suffered by municipalities due to fraud, and various anti-fraud measures that can be implemented by municipalities to fight fraud.

PSATS membership consists of township supervisors in the 1,456 second-class townships in Pennsylvania. More than 5.4 million Pennsylvanians reside in these townships.

About David Anderson & Associates
David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley. The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services. Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst. Mr. Anderson can be reached at 267-207-3597 or via email at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

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Fraud Investigation Identifies Three Types of Fraud

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

Fraud investigations worldwide reveal that asset misappropriation, corruption and financial statement fraud are the three main types of fraud, according to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE).

The ACFE identified these three key types of fraud in its 2014 Report to the Nations, the results of a global survey conducted biennially to study the costs, schemes, perpetrators and victims of fraud.

“Asset misappropriation is by far the most common type of fraud,” says David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley.  “But financial statement fraud, while not nearly as common, is a far more costly type of fraudulent activity.”

According to the ACFE, asset misappropriation — or the theft of cash or other assets such as inventory, supplies or company equipment — occurs in more than 85 percent of reported fraud cases.  (Because some fraud investigations find that more than one type of fraud is committed within the same incident, the total of the three types exceeds 100 percent.)  The median dollar loss reported from asset misappropriation is $130,000, the ACFE study noted.

Corruption occurs in more than 35 percent of the reported fraud cases, the report found.  Fraud by corruption involves misusing one’s influence (such as persuading someone to use a particular vendor or hire a particular person) or violating one’s duty to one’s employer (such as purchasing from a vendor whose price is more expensive or whose product is inferior; or hiring a less qualified employee).  ACFE said the median dollar loss from corruption is $200,000.

Financial statement fraud represents only 10 percent of the reported cases of fraud, but the median dollar loss from this type of fraud is $1 million, the ACFE report says.  Fraud investigations have shown that financial statement fraud occurs when a person intentionally misstates or omits material information from an organization’s financial statements, according to the ACFE.  Financial statement fraud can be perpetrated against a lender (by overstating a company’s sales, profits or assets in order to get a loan); an acquirer (by overstating a company’s sales, profits or assets in order to get a higher acquisition price); or shareholders/the public (by overstating a company’s sales, profits or assets in order to boost a company’s share price).

“Regardless of the type of fraud, it is clear that organizations today are at high risk of loss due to fraud and that every business, government entity and organization must have a strong fraud deterrence program in place to combat it,” said Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and an ACFE member.

A comprehensive fraud deterrence program developed by a firm that provides forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley can help protect your organization, Anderson said.  At the first hint of suspicious activity, Anderson urges organizations to contact a Certified Fraud Examiner to conduct a thorough fraud investigation and end the fraudulent activity.

During the coming weeks, Anderson will share more findings from ACFE’s 2014 Report to the Nations.  The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world largest anti-fraud organization, dedicated to fighting fraud through its more than 70,000 members in more than 150 countries worldwide.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

Why You Can’t Afford Not to Invest in Fraud Deterrence

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

Think a fraud deterrence program is too pricey?  Consider this.  In its biennial global survey, the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) found that the typical organization loses five percent of its revenues to fraudulent activities each year.

That conclusion was a key finding in the ACFE’s 2014 Report to the Nations, the results of an international survey conducted every two years to study the costs, schemes, perpetrators and victims of fraud.

“Think about what that means,” says David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley.  “If you have $1 million in sales each year, you are likely losing $50,000 per year to fraud.  At $10 million in sales per year, that adds up to $500,000 lost to fraud each year.  And so on and so on.”

The ACFE study also found that the median loss to fraud is $145,000 per incident and that 22 percent of reported incidences involved losses of more than $1 million.

Anderson says organizations sometimes tell him that installing anti-fraud controls and following a comprehensive fraud deterrence program is too expensive or simply not in the budget.

“But given the ACFE’s findings, it is far more likely that failing to install anti-fraud controls is what is too expensive.  Businesses, government offices and other organizations really can’t afford not to invest in fraud deterrence,” said Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and an ACFE member.

Anderson encourages every organization to enact strong anti-fraud controls.  A comprehensive fraud deterrence program established by a firm that provides forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley can help protect your organization from losses caused by fraud.  If you have even the slightest suspicion that illicit activity is occurring at your organization, Anderson urges you to contact a Certified Fraud Examiner to conduct a wide-ranging fraud investigation to stem the losses and determine the extent of them.

In the next several weeks, Anderson will share additional highlights from the ACFE’s 2014 study on global fraud.  The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners is the world largest anti-fraud organization, dedicated to fighting fraud through its more than 70,000 members in more than 150 countries worldwide.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

Understanding “The Fraud Triangle” Can Aid in Fraud Deterrence

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

Fraud deterrence is undoubtedly a complex issue.  But there is one seemingly simple approach that can help you keep fraud out of your business or organization:  Understanding “The Fraud Triangle” and using it to your advantage.

“‘The Fraud Triangle’ is what forensic accountants talk about when they refer to the three elements that are necessary for fraud to occur — pressure, opportunity and rationalization,”  says David Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley.  “If those three elements are not in place, then fraud cannot occur.  So it goes to reason that if you successfully eliminate one of the elements, fraud will not be a problem for you.  It’s really a rather straightforward, proactive approach to fraud deterrence.”

Pressure, the first element, is the motivation or incentive to commit fraud, Anderson said.  Pressure often comes from one’s personal life, such as the expensive illness of a loved one, a spouse’s unemployment, a gambling or drug problem, the practice of living beyond one’s means, or other situations that carry a heavy financial burden.  In these cases, Anderson said, an employee may feel extreme pressure to find more money and that can open the door to fraud.

The second element, opportunity, indicates the ability of the employee to carry out the fraud through the misappropriation of cash or other company assets, Anderson explained.  Opportunity arises when a company lacks critical anti-fraud controls, such as separation of duties, dual signature requirements for checks over a certain amount, management review of bank accounts and financial statements, and other necessary controls.  Opportunity also can occur when excessive trust is placed in employees who have the ability to override or circumvent anti-fraud controls.

The third element, rationalization, refers to an employee’s justification for committing fraud, Anderson said.  It can start as an employee’s simple rationalization that the theft is just a temporary loan that will be paid back before anyone ever finds out about it.  But that type of thinking can quickly mushroom into grander rationalizations, such as “I’m underpaid and just getting my due.” or “My boss is stealing, so why can’t I?” or “They’re making a lot of money and won’t even miss what I have taken.”

“If you’ve got all three elements, you’ve got a potential fraud brewing,” Anderson said.  “Remove one of the elements and the potential for fraud evaporates.”

Anderson recommends that you get to know your employees better so that you are more aware of any high-pressure financial situations they may be dealing with in their private lives.  Prevent opportunity by enacting comprehensive anti-fraud controls and establishing a strong fraud deterrence program, he said.  And send a clear message as a part of that fraud deterrence program that there is absolutely no acceptable rationalization for committing fraud, he added.

If have reason to believe that fraudulent activity has infiltrated your business — or if you believe “The Fraud Triangle” exists with any of your employees — Anderson recommends you act immediately by hiring a Certified Fraud Examiner from a firm that provides forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  A comprehensive fraud investigation will determine the extent of your losses, if any, and an experienced Certified Fraud Examiner will identify weak spots in your internal anti-fraud controls and set up a strong fraud deterrence program.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

Financial Statements Can Be Invaluable in Fraud Deterrence

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

Financial statements issued by companies, government entities or organizations can be invaluable tools in fraud deterrence.  But too often, the people in charge don’t bother to read these statements on a regular basis, and those who do often don’t understand what they are reading.

Understanding your financial statements, and knowing what to look for, are important components both in fraud identification and fraud deterrence.

“The only time officials in most companies, government entities or organizations actually look at the financial statements is after year-end,” said David Anderson, a Certified Fraud Examiner and principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, including fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs.  “They are doing themselves a major disservice.  Financial statements often have red flags that can alert you to potential fraudulent activity.”

A full forensic accounting analysis of your financial statements can identify the warning signs of fraud, Anderson said.  There are many things to consider in analyzing the statement, he said.

Say business is booming.  Do your financial statements show regular increases in sales or do they show relatively flat sales?  If it’s the latter, you’ll want to know why.  In one recent fraud case, a dishonest employee was diverting sales and cash receipts.  Had the business owner checked the company’s financial statements regularly, the fraud could have been detected sooner, Anderson noted.

Say business isn’t booming and your sales, understandably, are down.  If your financial statement is showing an increase in inventory purchases, something may be wrong.  Could someone be fraudulently diverting inventory?

If your gross margins — the difference between sales and cost of sales or cost of goods sold — are decreasing, find out why.  If certain operating expenses — such as office supplies/expense, travel and entertainment expense, etc. — are rising faster than expected, look into it.  If the cash balance on your financial statements doesn’t approximately equal the balances on the corresponding bank statements (allowing for some outstanding checks), look for missing funds.

The reason behind any of these “red flags” may be completely legitimate, Anderson said, but they also may warrant a fraud investigation to ferret out illicit activity.  At the very least, a consistent examination of your financial statements may identify business inefficiencies that can be resolved.

Lastly, regular financial statement analysis lets employees know that you care about the company, government entity or organization, and that you are following the flow of money to assure operating efficiency and to identify potential fraud.  It’s one of the strongest fraud deterrence messages you can send, Anderson advises.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

A Disaster Recovery Plan Can Help your Business Survive a Disaster

Posted by & filed under Business continuity, Disaster Recovery, Forensic Accounting.

Disasters are in the news every day.  Tornadoes.  Hurricanes.  Sinkholes.  Floods.  Fires.  As a matter of practice, you’ve probably insured your home, your business, your health and your very life in the event disaster strikes.  But what do you actually do when the immediate threat has passed?  Do you have a disaster recovery plan in place?  Surprisingly, few businesses do.  And they are, frankly, flirting with disaster.

Insurance industry statistics show that 70-80 percent of businesses affected by a disaster never reopen or fail within two years of reopening.

“The businesses that do survive are the ones who prepared in advance for something they fervently hoped would never happen,” says David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, including development, implementation and management of  comprehensive contingency and disaster recovery plans.  “Creating a business continuity plan is just smart business.  It greatly enhances the chances that your business will survive the disaster and that your livelihood — and that of your employees — will be protected.”

Anderson said some business owners think they are covered as long as they have purchased insurance and backed up their computer files.  But a comprehensive contingency and disaster recovery plan covers myriad details of a business’ operations, some of them not always obvious.  And every business, no matter how big or small, needs to have a business continuity plan in place, Anderson said.

Can your business survive a disaster?  Ask yourself these questions:

— Are both your electronic and paper business records protected?  Is vital information backed up in case a computer hard drive crashes?

— If one or more of your offices or production facilities are severely damaged or destroyed, where will you relocate?

— What steps need to be taken to resume operations and how fast can you be up and running again?

— Do your employees know what to do and where to go?

— Do you have adequate insurance to rebuild your business?

— How do you assure your customers will keep paying you?

— Will your vendors continue to extend credit to you?

— How will you replace key employees injured or killed by the disaster?

— Are you prepared with step-by-step procedures to react to different types and severities of disasters?

Having a comprehensive contingency and disaster recovery plan (business continuity plan) in place can minimize your financial loss and help your business survive a disaster.

If you are in need of a comprehensive contingency and disaster recovery plan or require any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

 

Fraud Deterrence Starts with You

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Forensic Accounting, Fraud, Fraud Deterrence.

As a reasonable and intelligent business owner who employs reasonable and intelligent employees, you might think fraud deterrence programs are unnecessary.  It’s a given that everyone knows they’re not supposed to steal from their employer, right?

And they also understand that as the boss, you get certain perks to which they are not entitled.  It’s your company, not theirs; your right, not theirs.  That’s another given, isn’t it?

Think again.

“Your actions determine the kind of message you are sending to your employees about fraud,” says David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of fraud investigation and fraud deterrence programs in the Delaware Valley.  “If you don’t have a strong fraud deterrence program in place and if you engage in questionable activities yourself, then you’re sending the wrong message.”

Anderson points to two recent fraud cases in which employees blamed management for creating an atmosphere of fraud tolerance.  In one case, a  defendant claimed the company never told her that fraudulent activities were unacceptable, indicating — to her — the company’s tacit approval of her illicit actions.  In another case, the defendant claimed that because the company president was committing fraud by running personal expenses through the business and claiming them as business deductions, it was okay for him to defraud the company too.

“Whether you are a business owner, a corporate executive or an elected or appointed official, your employees look to you for cues regarding what is and what is not acceptable behavior regarding fraud,” Anderson said.  “What kind of messages are you sending?”

Anderson suggests management make fraud deterrence a key objective by sending employees a strong message that fraud is unacceptable in the workplace and by living that message too.

Establish a clear fraud prevention policy and publicize it to employees through employee handbooks, manuals, training, memos, etc.  Let your employees know that fraud investigation is an ever-present aspect of your business and that steps are always underway to ferret out the perpetrators of fraudulent activity.

If you do suspect that your business has fallen victim to fraud, Anderson recommends that you contact a Certified Fraud Examiner to conduct a comprehensive fraud investigation and determine the extent of your losses.  A Certified Fraud Examiner from a firm that provides forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley also can help you establish a fraud deterrence program to help protect your company in the future.  And always remember that the message you send by the example you set can be a powerful deterrent.

If you require the services of a Certified Fraud Examiner or any other forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.

Business Valuation Reveals What Your Business is Really Worth

Posted by & filed under Blog Articles, Business Valuation, Forensic Accounting.

Something has come up and you need to know what your business is worth.  Do you need the advice of a business valuation expert to figure this out or can you do it on your own?

The business down the street sold for $10 million, the former owner claims.  Your business is about half the size; so is it worth $5 million?  Or you’ve heard you can approximate your business’s worth by multiplying its income by six.  Will that suffice?

In a word, no.

“Neither of those business valuation methods are remotely reliable,” says David Anderson, principal of David Anderson & Associates, a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of business valuation services in the Delaware Valley.  “A small software company named WhatsApp would have valued itself at between $50-$60 million using the six times income method.  But earlier this year, they sold themselves to Facebook for $19 billion — more than 300 times higher.”

If you really want to know the true worth of your business, says Anderson, you need a highly qualified business valuation expert.

There are many reasons a company may need to know the accurate value of its business: partner/shareholder disputes; gifting a portion of the business; sales, mergers and acquisitions; divorce; estate and trust matters; insolvency, and a host of other issues.

Depending on your situation, you may need one of two types of business valuations.  A calculation of value is an informal business valuation that provides a reliable approximation of your business’s worth.  A full-blown formal business valuation is important for estate planning, gifting and litigation.

A Certified Valuation Analyst will determine your business’s true income, examining salaries, expenses, profits, losses and more.  Are you paying yourself or your family members more or less than what outside managers would cost?  Do you have company cars or special deferred compensation programs for family members or any other expenses a third party would not incur?  Do you have one-time expenses related a lawsuit or losses from a natural disaster?

In calculating your business’s worth, a professional business valuation expert also considers industry, geographic and economic factors, as well as recent sales of businesses similar to yours.

Don’t rely on gut instinct, street rumors or amateur rules of thumb when you need an accurate business valuation.  Put your trust in a Certified Valuation Analyst to find out what your business is really worth.

If you require the services of a certified business valuation expert, please contact the Philadelphia forensic accounting firm of David Anderson & Associates today by calling David Anderson at 267-207-3597 or emailing him at david@davidandersonassociates.com.

About David Anderson & Associates

David Anderson & Associates is a Philadelphia forensic accounting firm that provides a full range of forensic accounting services in Philadelphia and the Delaware Valley.  The experienced professionals at David Anderson & Associates provide forensic accounting, business valuation, fraud investigation, litigation support, economic damage analysis, business consulting and outsourced CFO services.  Company principal David Anderson has more than 30 years of experience in financial and operational leadership positions and is a Certified Public Accountant, a Certified Fraud Examiner and a Certified Valuation Analyst.